چكيده
No nation’s language, literature and art can remain isolated ineffectual. Nations influence one another, yet these reciprocal effects become apparent when we compare the art and literature of one nation with another. Europeans discovered the rich treasury of Persian literature in the seventeenth century. Hafiz was known as the supreme master of art of Persian ghazal. Accordingly Charm of his gazals attracted many Western readers who know him and his manuscript. Hafiz’s Divan became known to the West largely through the passion of Goethe. Goethe adored Hafiz’s art and genius; In Hafiz, Goethe heard the compelling voice of a rich and imaginative lyric art. In the same way, Emerson, the father of Transcendentalism, finds a parallel between his thoughts, his mystical metaphors, his philosophical patterns and those of Persian mysticism and specially Hafiz. Friedrich Nietzsche, as an Existentialist, also encountered Hafiz’s poetry and was fascinated by him. He finds in Hafiz a prime example of “Dionysian” ecstatic wisdom, which he extols so extensively in his philosophy. The present study is an attempt at interpreting the most principle similarities between poetic and aesthetic aspect of Goethe and Hafiz through a comparative study. It clarifies that Emerson‘s transcendentalists idea also, did soak deeply in the mystical spirituality of Hafiz. and finally, it shows that, both Hafiz and Nietzsche were among those existentialists, who consider human existence in his real life and in search of perfect human. Their philosophy guiding to a kind of human-centered and life-centered thought which considers human guides existing pains instead of attention to very abstract and intellectual problems.
